The correct answer is only b. ​Key Points 73RD AMENDMENT ACT OF 1992: ​This act has added a new Part-IX to the Constitution of India. This part is entitled ‘The Panchayats’ and consists of provisions from Articles 243 to 243 O. In addition, the act has also added a new Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution. This schedule contains 29 functional items of the panchayats. The act has given a practical shape to Article 40 of the Constitution which says that “The State shall take steps to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.” This article forms a part of the Directive Principles of State Policy. The Act gives constitutional status to the Panchayati raj institutions. It has brought them under the purview of the justiciable part of the Constitution. Important Points Gram Sabha: The act provides for a Gram Sabha as the foundation of the Panchayati raj system. It is a body consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls of a village comprised within the area of Panchayat at the village level. The Panchayat is the executive committee of the gram sabha. Hence statement (a) is correct. Thus, it is a village assembly consisting of all the registered voters in the area of a panchayat. It may exercise such powers and perform such functions at the village level as the legislature of a state determines. 73rd constitutional amendment not fixed tenure of the gram sabha. Hence statement (b) is not correct.