Education Technology It is a field of study that investigates the process of analyzing, designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating the instructional environment and learning materials in order to improve teaching and learning. It is the combined use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning. It creates, uses, and manages technological processes and educational resources to help improve user academic performance. Modular instructional material The pure lecture method can be replaced by modules for independent study and individualized instruction generally used in Distance learning. A module is a form of individualized instruction that allows students to use a self-contained package of learning activities. A learning module contains activities intended to help students understand certain lessons. The material involves a well-defined topic that contains the elements of instructions, specific objectives, teaching-learning activities, and evaluation using criteria-referenced measurement. Massive open online courses (MOOC): Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are one of the most prominent trends in higher education in recent years. The term ‘MOOCs’ represents open access, global, self-directed, free, video-based instructional content, videos, problem sets, and forums released through an online platform to high volume participants. MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) provides a new way of learning, which is open, participatory, distributed, and lifelong. MOOC involves the use of ICT to make education accessible to students located in remote areas or are unable to reach conventional classrooms. The word “massive” here means that there is no limit on the number of learners who can enroll in the course. The word “open” means that there are no mandatory requirements for the learner to enroll in this course. These courses are fully online and delivered through the internet. These courses are highly multimedia enriched interactive online courses that offer a unique opportunity to the learners to learn these courses as per their convenience. The basic philosophy of MOOCs is 3A's i.e., Anytime, Anyone, Anywhere. MOOCs are a flexible and open form of self-directed, online learning designed for mass participation. EDUSAT based interactions India gave importance to distance learning by launching satellite called EDUSAT and making it available to all concerned institutions and departments to utilize it for educational purposes. National education bodies like National Council of Education Research and Training (NCERT), All India Council for Technical Education, University Grants Commission, IGNOU, State level Educational Councils and many others taken advantage of the EDUSAT facility and launched distance learning programs from secondary education at school level to higher education at undergraduate / postgraduate level. The programs are of two types. In the case of direct live transmissions, all the connected Centers work in two-way interactive modes where the receivers directly interact with the expert and get clarified immediately. They use Satellite Interactive Terminal (SITs) that cost around (USD 6000 approximately). In case of Receive Only Terminal (ROTs) the users receive the transmission but not are able to interact with the experts and costing around USD 1500 per terminal. ​Note: Personal contact programs, Model lectures by an eminent scholar, and Visits to archives are examples of face to face learning.