Read the following passage and answer the item that follows. Your answers to this item should be based on the passage only. Why do people prefer open defection and not want toilets or, if they have them, only use them sometimes? Recent research has shown two critical elements : ideas of purity and pollution, and not wanting pits or septic tanks to fill because they have to be emptied. These are the issues that nobody wants to talk about, but if we want to eradicate the practice of open defecation, they have to be confronted and dealt properly. Which among the following is the most crucial message conveyed by the above passage? Correct Answer People have to perceive toilet use and pit-emptying as clean and not polluting. The correct answer is "People have to perceive toilet use and pit-emptying as clean and not polluting." Key Points Through the given passage, writer is trying to tell us about the necessity to have toilets and use them but people are not using them or are using them sometimes. The main reason behind this is "people fear of emptying the filled septic tank". They are also traditional and think it to cause impurity. Hence, people defecate in the open though the government try to provide toilet facility to every household of the society. The second option says "People have to perceive toilet use and pit-emptying as clean and not polluting." It means to say that people should first know the benefits of using toilet and should also be made aware of how to empty the filled septic tank which shall not cause pollution to the nearby areas. The message that the second option gives matches the most crucial message given by the passage. Hence, the correct answer is option (2).