Given below are two statement, one is labelled as Assertion A and other is labelled as Reason R Assertion A: Systems of education which are place-specific, time-specific and person-specific are said to be formal and are created by laid down law and procedures Reason R: Open universities and open schools are the example of a formal system of education because they are created by laid down procedures In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below Correct Answer A is true but R is false Education is a gradual process that brings positive changes in human life and behavior. We can also define education as “a process of acquiring knowledge through study or imparting the knowledge by way of instructions or some other practical procedure”. Assertion: Systems of education that are place-specific, time-specific, and person-specific are said to be formal and are created by laid down laws and procedures. Explanation: Formal education is imparted by an institution or agency specially established for this purpose. Such an institution has its own structure. For example, a school is an agency for formal education. The school has its own structure and organization. It is governed by rules and regulations prescribed by the state. The school has ahead of the institution. The teachers work in the school; therefore teachers are responsible for imparting education. Formal education is hierarchically structured, chronologically graded ‘education system’, running from primary school to university. Formal education is place-specific as teaching and learning take place in a designated environment such as school or college. It is time-specific as learners are segregated in different standards according to their age. It is person-specific as teacher and learner are present together in a physical environment for purpose of exchanging knowledge. Thus, the assertion is correct. Reason: Open universities and open schools are examples of a formal system of education because they are created by laid down procedures. Explanation: Non-formal education has emerged as an alternative system of education. Due to the limitation of the formal system of education and also because of individual requirements and circumstances, a child may not be able to attend school regularly. Consequently, s/he may not be able to complete the education even at the primary level. Thus a large number of children in India are not in a position to go to school. Therefore, the need for an alternative system of education was felt and non-formal education was organized to provide the facility of education to all the children who are not part of the formal system of education for whatever reason. Thus, open universities and open schools were established as a means to a non-formal system of education free from place and time boundaries. Students don't need to regularly attend lectures in open schools/universities. There are no age boundaries to take admission to a particular program in open schools/universities. Students can decide their pace of learning. Thus, the reason is incorrect. Thus, option 3 is the correct answer.