The correct answer is (1) and (4) only. Key Points Jurisdiction of a high court: Original Jurisdiction: It means the power of a high court to hear disputes in the first instance, not by way of appeal. It extends to the following: Matters of admiralty and contempt of court. Disputes relating to the election of members of Parliament and state legislatures. Regarding revenue matter or an act ordered or done in revenue collection. Enforcement of fundamental rights of citizens. Cases ordered to be transferred from a subordinate court involving the interpretation of the Constitution to its own file. The four high courts (i.e., Calcutta, Bombay, Madras and Delhi High Courts) have original civil jurisdiction in cases of higher value. Writ Jurisdiction: Article 226 of the Constitution empowers a high court to issue writs including habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition and quo warranto for the enforcement of the fundamental rights of the citizens and for any other purpose. Hence statement (4) is correct. Appellate Jurisdiction: A high court is primarily a court of appeal. It hears appeals against the judgments of subordinate courts functioning in its territorial jurisdiction. It has appellate jurisdiction in both civil and criminal matters. Supervisory Jurisdiction: A high court has the power of superintendence over all courts and tribunals functioning in its territorial jurisdiction (except military courts or tribunals). Thus, it may– call for returns from them; make and issue, general rules and prescribe forms for regulating the practice and proceedings of them; prescribe forms in which books, entries, and accounts are to be kept by them; and (d) settle the fees payable to the sheriff, clerks, officers, and legal practitioners of them. Control over Subordinate Courts: In addition to its appellate jurisdiction and supervisory jurisdiction over the subordinate courts as mentioned above, a high court has administrative control and other powers over them. Court of Record: As a court of record, a high court has two powers: The judgments, proceedings and acts of the high courts are recorded for perpetual memory and testimony. These records are admitted to be of evidentiary value and cannot be questioned when produced before any subordinate court. They are recognized as legal precedents and legal references. It has the power to punish for contempt of court, either with simple imprisonment with a fine or both. Hence statement (1) is correct. Power of Judicial Review: Judicial review is the power of a high court to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders of both the Central and state governments. On examination, if they are found to be violative of the Constitution (ultra-vires), they can be declared as illegal, unconstitutional, and invalid (null and void) by the high court. Consequently, they cannot be enforced by the government. Additional Information Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court: The Constitution (Article 143) authorizes the president to seek the opinion of the Supreme Court in the two categories of matters: On any question of law or fact of public importance which has arisen or which is likely to arise. On any dispute arising out of any pre-constitution treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instruments. Hence statement (2) is incorrect.