Option 4 is correct, i.e Neither 1 nor 2. Both statements are incorrect. In 1854, the U.S. Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which essentially opened all new territories to slavery by asserting the rule of popular sovereignty over congressional edict. Bleeding Kansas, Bloody Kansas, or the Border War was a series of violent civil confrontations in the United States between 1854 and 1861 which emerged from a political and ideological debate over the legality of slavery in the proposed state of Kansas Pro and anti-slavery forces (and NOT colonial British and Indian Revolutionaries) struggled violently in “Bleeding Kansas,” while opposition to the act in the North led to the formation of the Republican Party, a new political entity based on the principle of opposing slavery’s extension into the western territories. Hence, statement 1 is NOT correct. After the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Dred Scott Case (1857) confirmed the legality of slavery in the territories, the abolitionist John Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry in 1859 convinced more and more southerners that their northern neighbors were bent on the destruction of the “peculiar institution” that sustained them. Hence, statement 2 is NOT correct. With the coming of President Lincoln, seven southern states seceded from the union. The above were among the reasons that ultimately led to the outbreak of civil war.