The use of ICT in education is growing more and more as it helps students in the effective achievement of their learning objectives. E-learning refers to a wide variety of electronic technologies used for educational purposes in a variety of educational formats and designs. Communication Technologies used in E-learning is categorized into: 1. Asynchronous: In asynchronous interaction, learners and teachers are not present at the same time. A teacher assigns a task or assignment to the students and allots a time frame to submit it. After the submission, teachers go through the task and provide feedback. Tools for Asynchronous Interaction Tool Description E-mail The basic medium of interaction between students and teachers. It is used for asking questions, sending or receiving assignments, reminders and even assessments. Discussion Boards It is by learners and teachers for collaboration, debates and discussion regarding course contents. Blog It can be used by teachers to share study materials and notes with students. Vlog A video blog or video log, sometimes shortened to vlog, is a form of blog for which the medium is video, and is a form of web television. Vlog entries often combine embedded video (or a video link) with supporting text, images, and other metadata. 2. Synchronous: In synchronous communication, the interaction between teacher and students occurs in real-time i.e. at the same period of time using a variety of tools. Since the interaction is real-time, learners and teachers develop a sense of being together and instant feedback is shared. Tools for Synchronous Interaction Tool Description Teleconferencing Teleconferencing means meeting through a telecommunications medium. It is a generic term for linking people between two or more locations by electronics. It enables live exchange and mass articulation of information among several persons. Video Conferencing The only requirement for video conferencing is a webcam and internet. For example, a Webinar is a web-based seminar, a presentation or a lecture transmitted virtually through video-conferencing. Unlike seminar, it can be viewed from any part of the world via the internet. A teacher gives a lecture by live streaming. It can be recorded and used later on too. Virtual classroom The virtual classroom is a unique learning facility available to learners because of multimedia technology, which combines video, animation, sound, and computers. The virtual class is the extension of virtual reality for educational uses. VC is thus a teaching and learning environment constructed using software and available via the Internet. Instant Messaging Multiple learners can interact on a common platform by sharing questions, responses, feedback with each other. Most LMS have an inbuilt chat facility. Hence, as you can see from the above table, option 3 is the correct answer.