A water line is buried underground in dry soil that has an assumed initial temperature of 4.5 degree Celsius. The pipe may have no flow through it for long period of time, yet it will not be drained in order that no freezing occurs, the pipe must be kept at a temperature not lower than 0 degree Celsius. The pipe is to be designed for a 30 hour period at the beginning of which the soil surface temperature suddenly drops to – 17 degree Celsius. Workout the minimum earth covering needed above the water pipe so as to prevent the possibility of freezing during 36 hour cold spell. The soil in which the pipe is buried has the following properties Density = 640 kg/m3 Specific heat = 1843J/kg degree Thermal conductivity = 0.345 W/m degree
Created: 24 Feb 2026 |
Updated: 23 Apr 2026
Updated: 23 Apr 2026
Explanation:
A water line is buried underground in dry soil that has an assumed initial temperature of 4.5 degree Celsius. The pipe may have no flow through it for long period of time, yet it will not be drained in order that no freezing occurs, the pipe must be kept at a temperature not lower than 0 degree Celsius. The pipe is to be designed for a 30 hour period at the beginning of which the soil surface temperature suddenly drops to – 17 degree Celsius. Workout the minimum earth covering needed above the water pipe so as to prevent the possibility of freezing during 36 hour cold spell. The soil in which the pipe is buried has the following properties Density = 640 kg/m3 Specific heat = 1843J/kg degree Thermal conductivity = 0.345 W/m degree Correct Answer 0.35 m t – t a/t i – t a = erf .
বাংলা সাহিত্য ও ব্যাকরণ হলো বাংলা ভাষার দুটি অবিচ্ছেদ্য অঙ্গ। বাংলা সাহিত্য হলো বাংলা ভাষায় রচিত কবিতা, উপন্যাস, নাটক, গল্পসহ সৃজনশীল ও মননশীল রচনার সমষ্টি, যার সূচনা দশম শতাব্দীতে 'চর্যাপদ' এর মাধ্যমে। অন্যদিকে, বাংলা ব্যাকরণ হলো এমন একটি শাস্ত্র বা বিজ্ঞান, যা বাংলা ভাষার গঠন, প্রকৃতি, ধ্বনি, শব্দ ও বাক্যের নিয়ম-কানুন বিশ্লেষণ করে ভাষার শুদ্ধ রূপ ও প্রয়োগ শেখায়।
💬 Comments (0)